Every year on May 21, tea lovers across the globe come together to celebrate International Tea Day—a tribute to one of the most consumed beverages in the world after water. More than just a drink, tea symbolizes hospitality, tradition, and a shared cultural legacy spanning continents. The day serves as an opportunity to recognize the efforts of workers in the tea industry and raise awareness about sustainable production and fair trade.
Table of Contents
History of International Tea Day
International Tea Day was first established in 2005 by trade unions, small-scale tea growers, and civil society organizations in countries like India and Sri Lanka to address the challenges faced by tea workers and promote fair trade practices. Initially celebrated on December 15 in some tea-producing nations, the United Nations General Assembly officially designated May 21 as International Tea Day in 2019, following a proposal by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The date was chosen to coincide with the start of the tea harvest season in many countries, symbolizing renewal and growth in the tea industry.
The day aims to raise awareness about the tea industry’s role in economic development, poverty reduction, and sustainable livelihoods, particularly in rural areas of tea-producing countries like China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka. It also serves as a platform to advocate for better working conditions and fair wages for tea workers, many of whom face challenges such as low pay and lack of social protections.
Significance of International Tea Day
International Tea Day holds multifaceted significance. Economically, tea is a major commodity, with global production reaching over 6.5 million tonnes in 2023, according to FAO statistics. Countries like China (43% of global production), India (22%), and Kenya (10%) dominate the industry, providing livelihoods for millions of farmers, pluckers, and factory workers. The day underscores the importance of sustainable practices to protect these livelihoods and the environment.
Culturally, tea is a universal language, bridging diverse traditions from Japanese tea ceremonies to British afternoon tea. International Tea Day celebrates this shared heritage, encouraging people to appreciate tea’s role in fostering community and connection. It also highlights the need for ethical consumption, urging consumers to choose teas produced under fair trade and environmentally friendly conditions.
Theme of International Tea Day 2025
The theme for International Tea Day 2025 is “Tea for Better Lives.” This theme highlights the essential role tea plays in improving livelihoods, supporting sustainable agriculture, and promoting health and well-being across the globe.
The 2025 observance places a special focus on fair trade and the empowerment of women in the tea sector. It aims to shine a light on the contributions of women in tea cultivation and production, advocating for their rights and protection from exploitation.
Overall, this year’s theme encourages a more inclusive, sustainable, and equitable approach to tea production—ensuring that the millions of people who rely on tea for their income can lead better, more dignified lives.
Unknown Facts About Tea
- Ancient Origins: Tea’s history dates back over 5,000 years to ancient China, where legend credits Emperor Shen Nong with discovering tea in 2737 BCE when tea leaves accidentally fell into his boiling water.
- Tea as Currency: In ancient China and Mongolia, compressed tea bricks were used as currency, traded for goods like horses and spices.
- World’s Most Expensive Tea: Da Hong Pao, a rare oolong tea from China’s Wuyi Mountains, can cost up to $1,000 per gram due to its limited production and unique flavor.
- Tea and Espionage: In the 19th century, British botanist Robert Fortune disguised himself as a Chinese merchant to smuggle tea plants and trade secrets from China to India, establishing the Indian tea industry.
- Tea’s Global Reach: Over 3 billion cups of tea are consumed daily worldwide, making it the second most consumed beverage after water.
- Second Most Consumed Drink: After water, tea holds the title of the second most consumed drink in the world.
- India’s Assam is the Largest Tea-Producing Region: The state contributes significantly to India’s global tea output.
- Tea Bags Were a Mistake: The first tea bags were invented by accident in the early 1900s when American merchant Thomas Sullivan sent tea samples in silk pouches.
- Global Output: As of recent years, China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka are the top producers of tea.
Types of Tea
Tea comes in a variety of types, each with distinct flavors, aromas, and processing methods. The main categories, all derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, include:
- Green Tea: Unoxidized and minimally processed, green tea retains a fresh, grassy flavor. Popular varieties include Sencha (Japan) and Longjing (China).
- Black Tea: Fully oxidized, black tea has a robust, bold flavor. Well-known types include Assam and Darjeeling (India) and Earl Grey (flavored with bergamot).
- Oolong Tea: Partially oxidized, oolong falls between green and black tea, offering a complex taste. Examples include Tie Guan Yin and Wuyi Rock Tea.
- White Tea: Made from young or minimally processed tea leaves, white tea is delicate and subtly sweet. Silver Needle and White Peony are popular varieties.
- Pu-erh Tea: A fermented tea from China’s Yunnan province, Pu-erh is aged for years, developing an earthy, rich flavor.
- Herbal Tea: Not true tea, herbal infusions are made from fruits, herbs, or spices, such as chamomile, peppermint, or rooibos.
Additionally, regional specialties like matcha (powdered green tea) and masala chai (spiced black tea) showcase tea’s versatility.
Health Benefits of Tea
Tea is not only a comforting beverage but also offers numerous health benefits, backed by scientific research:
- Rich in Antioxidants: Green and black teas contain polyphenols, such as catechins and theaflavins, which combat oxidative stress and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
- Boosts Mental Alertness: Tea contains caffeine and L-theanine, a combination that enhances focus and alertness without the jitters associated with coffee.
- Supports Heart Health: Studies suggest that regular tea consumption may lower LDL cholesterol levels and improve blood vessel function, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
- Aids Weight Management: Green tea’s catechins, particularly EGCG, may boost metabolism and fat oxidation, supporting weight loss efforts.
- Promotes Gut Health: The polyphenols in tea act as prebiotics, fostering beneficial gut bacteria and improving digestion.
- Enhances Immunity: Compounds in tea, especially in green and herbal varieties, have antimicrobial properties that may strengthen the immune system.
Note: While tea offers health benefits, excessive consumption can lead to side effects like caffeine sensitivity or reduced iron absorption. Moderation is key.
Celebrating International Tea Day
International Tea Day is celebrated worldwide through tea tastings, cultural events, and educational workshops. Tea estates in countries like India and Sri Lanka host festivals showcasing traditional plucking and brewing techniques. In urban areas, cafes and tea houses offer special menus featuring rare teas or innovative blends. Consumers are encouraged to explore sustainably sourced teas and support brands that prioritize fair wages and eco-friendly practices.
International Tea Day is more than a celebration of a beloved beverage; it’s a call to recognize tea’s profound impact on culture, economies, and health. By honoring its history, exploring its diverse varieties, and advocating for sustainable practices, we can ensure that tea continues to bring joy and nourishment to billions worldwide. So, on May 21, brew a cup of your favorite tea, savor its flavors, and reflect on its timeless legacy.